The Shar Pei is a unique and charming breed known for its distinctive wrinkled skin, deep-set eyes, and “hippopotamus” face. Originally bred for guarding and hunting in China, the Shar Pei has become a popular companion dog. However, like many purebred dogs, the Shar Pei has some inherent health risks due to its physical traits and genetic makeup.
If you are considering bringing a Shar Pei into your home, it is essential to understand the health challenges this breed may face. While many Shar Peis lead long, happy lives, they are prone to certain health conditions that potential owners should be aware of. This article will explore the overall health of the Shar Pei, the common health issues they face, and tips for maintaining their well-being.
General Health of Shar Peis
Shar Peis are generally considered a healthy breed, but they have some unique traits that require special attention to ensure they remain in good health. The breed’s health can be influenced by several factors, including genetics, environment, diet, and overall care. Shar Peis are not known for being particularly fragile, but their distinctive features, such as their skin folds and short muzzle, can lead to health issues if not properly managed.
Lifespan of the Shar Pei
The typical lifespan of a Shar Pei is around 8 to 12 years, which is average for most dog breeds. However, like all dogs, their lifespan can be affected by factors such as genetics, diet, exercise, and the presence of underlying health conditions. By providing proper care, a Shar Pei can live a long and healthy life, but early detection of health problems can improve their quality of life and longevity.
Temperament and Exercise Needs
Shar Peis are generally calm, independent, and loyal dogs, but they do have moderate exercise needs. They enjoy walks and some playtime but are not as high-energy as other breeds like Border Collies or Labrador Retrievers. This low to moderate energy level can be beneficial for owners looking for a dog that doesn’t require extensive daily exercise. However, regular activity is essential to maintain their overall health and prevent obesity, which can exacerbate other health issues.
Basic Grooming and Skin Care
One of the most prominent features of the Shar Pei is its wrinkled skin. These folds of skin are part of what makes the breed so unique, but they can also create challenges for owners. The folds can trap moisture, dirt, and debris, which can lead to skin infections if not cleaned and dried regularly. Shar Peis require regular grooming to maintain their coat and keep their skin folds healthy.
Common Health Problems in Shar Peis
While Shar Peis are generally considered a healthy breed, they are susceptible to certain genetic conditions and health problems. Some of these issues are related to their physical characteristics, while others are more general breed-related concerns. Here are some of the most common health problems seen in Shar Peis:
1. Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is a genetic condition where the hip joint doesn’t develop properly, leading to pain, lameness, and arthritis. This condition is relatively common in larger dog breeds but can also affect medium-sized dogs like the Shar Pei. Hip dysplasia can cause significant discomfort for affected dogs, especially as they age.
Signs of Hip Dysplasia:
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Difficulty getting up after lying down
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Lameness or limping, especially after exercise
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Reluctance to walk or climb stairs
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Decreased activity level
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Pain when the hips are touched
While hip dysplasia cannot be cured, it can be managed with medication, weight control, and in severe cases, surgery. Regular check-ups with a veterinarian and joint supplements can also help maintain joint health.
2. Entropion
Entropion is a hereditary condition in which the eyelids roll inward, causing the eyelashes to irritate the cornea. This condition is common in Shar Peis due to their unique facial structure and the deep folds of skin around their eyes. Entropion can be quite painful and, if left untreated, may lead to more severe eye problems, including corneal ulcers and vision loss.
Signs of Entropion:
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Red, watery eyes
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Squinting or squinting excessively
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Rubbing or pawing at the eyes
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Excessive tearing
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Sensitivity to light
Entropion typically requires surgical correction to reposition the eyelids and relieve the irritation. If you notice signs of entropion in your Shar Pei, it’s essential to see a veterinarian for early treatment.
3. Shar Pei Fever
Shar Pei fever is a genetic condition that causes episodes of fever, lethargy, and pain. It is related to a condition called Familial Shar Pei Fever (FSF), which is specific to this breed. FSF can cause sudden fever spikes, joint pain, and sometimes abdominal discomfort. While the condition typically resolves itself after a few days, repeated episodes can be harmful to the dog’s health.
Signs of Shar Pei Fever:
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High fever (above 103°F or 39.4°C)
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Lethargy or weakness
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Loss of appetite
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Joint pain or limping
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Swollen or painful areas on the body
Although Shar Pei fever usually goes away on its own, medications to control fever and pain may be prescribed by a veterinarian. In some cases, long-term management may be necessary to reduce the frequency and severity of fever episodes.
4. Skin Infections and Pyoderma
Due to the Shar Pei’s skin folds, they are prone to developing skin infections, particularly pyoderma. Pyoderma is a bacterial skin infection that can cause redness, swelling, and oozing sores. The folds in the skin create a moist environment that can harbor bacteria, leading to infections if not cleaned regularly.
Signs of Skin Infections:
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Redness, swelling, or warmth in the skin folds
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Discharge or pus from the skin folds
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Bad odor
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Itching or rubbing against objects
Preventing skin infections in Shar Peis involves regular cleaning and drying of the skin folds to remove moisture and debris. If an infection occurs, antibiotics or medicated creams may be necessary for treatment.
5. Respiratory Issues
Shar Peis have a distinctive short muzzle, which classifies them as a brachycephalic breed. This means they have a flat face and shortened airways, which can cause breathing difficulties. Brachycephalic dogs are prone to respiratory issues like brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), which can make it harder for them to breathe.
Signs of Respiratory Issues:
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Loud, labored breathing
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Snoring or wheezing
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Difficulty exercising or walking for extended periods
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Excessive panting, especially after light activity
To help manage respiratory issues, avoid overexerting your Shar Pei and provide them with a cool environment, especially during hot weather. In severe cases, surgery may be required to open the airways and improve airflow.
6. Gastric Torsion (Bloat)
Gastric torsion, also known as bloat, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the stomach fills with gas and twists. This can cut off blood supply to the stomach and other vital organs. While it is more common in larger breeds, Shar Peis are also at risk due to their compact build.
Signs of Gastric Torsion:
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Sudden, severe bloating of the abdomen
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Drooling or excessive salivation
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Restlessness or pacing
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Rapid heart rate
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Vomiting or unsuccessful attempts to vomit
Gastric torsion requires immediate emergency veterinary treatment. If left untreated, it can lead to shock and death. To reduce the risk of bloat, avoid feeding your Shar Pei large meals, especially before or after exercise, and monitor for any signs of discomfort.
7. Autoimmune Disorders
Shar Peis are also at risk for autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and hypothyroidism. These conditions can affect various organs and systems within the body, leading to symptoms like lethargy, skin issues, and changes in appetite or weight. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing these conditions effectively.
Signs of Autoimmune Disorders:
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Fatigue and lethargy
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Skin rashes or sores
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Unexplained weight gain or loss
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Changes in coat texture or shedding
If you suspect your Shar Pei may have an autoimmune disorder, consult your veterinarian for blood tests and other diagnostic procedures. Medications and lifestyle changes can often help manage these conditions.
Maintaining the Health of a Shar Pei
While Shar Peis are prone to certain health issues, with the right care, they can live long and healthy lives. Here are some tips for maintaining your Shar Pei’s health:
1. Regular Vet Checkups
Routine veterinary visits are essential to monitor your dog’s health and catch any potential issues early. Your veterinarian can check for common health problems like hip dysplasia, skin infections, or respiratory issues and provide preventive care such as vaccinations and parasite control.
2. Proper Diet
A balanced, nutritious diet is essential for keeping your Shar Pei healthy. Make sure to feed them high-quality dog food that meets their specific needs for age, size, and activity level. Avoid overfeeding, as Shar Peis can be prone to obesity, which can worsen joint issues and other health concerns.
3. Exercise and Mental Stimulation
Shar Peis do not have high energy levels but still require regular exercise to stay fit and mentally stimulated. Regular walks and playtime will help keep your Shar Pei healthy and prevent obesity. Mental stimulation, such as puzzle toys or training sessions, can also keep them happy and engaged.
4. Grooming and Skin Care
Regular grooming is essential to maintain your Shar Pei’s coat and skin. Be sure to clean and dry their skin folds regularly to prevent infections. Bathing your Shar Pei with a mild dog shampoo and brushing their coat will also help keep them looking their best.
Conclusion
The Shar Pei is a generally healthy breed with a lifespan of 8 to 12 years. However, due to their unique physical characteristics, such as their deep skin folds and short muzzle, they are prone to certain health conditions, including hip dysplasia, skin infections, and respiratory issues. By being aware of these potential health problems and providing regular veterinary care, a proper diet, and good grooming, Shar Pei owners can help ensure that their dogs live long, healthy lives.